Answers:
1) Yes, if you set your percentage for recruiting points higher, you will get more recruiting points. Keep in mind though that you are taking points away from training current players (making them better) and keeping them in line (discipline).
2) Yes, the farther you recruit away from your home state, the more points it will cost to effectively recruit a player. For example, assume that you are Stanford. It will cost you very few points to get a recruit from within your home state of California, but you will have to spend about four times the points to recruit a player in Florida with the same intensity.
3) Scouting lets you see accurate numbers of a player's workout numbers (40 times, bench press, GPA, etc.) . The ones the game originally generates are not always accurate, and they will either increase or decrease, helping you differentiate which guys to recruit and which not to. The numbers do in fact refer to the player's in-game ratings: 40-time = speed, shuttle = agility, bench press = strength, GPA = awareness, etc.
4) I'm not quite sure what you mean, but as far as I know, if you put any recruiting points on a player (not including scouting), you are offering him a scholarship.
Additional tips from my perspective:
-Focus your recruiting on guys that have a high interest level in your program. Those ones are the most likely to attend your school.
-In-state recruits typically have a fairly high interest in your school and don't cost many points to recruit. Try to recruit more in-state than out-of-state unless you are a top-prestige program like FSU, Miami (FL), USC, Oklahoma, etc.
-If you venture on guys that aren't as interested in your school, try to stay in-state unless the guy is a top player or in a position you desperately need. You can sometimes get a perfect pitch to guys with moderate interest, but it's not failsafe.