What level are you playing on? Can you turn down the CPU int slider? That seems like an easy fix.
I was having an issue with tons of INTs when I moved up to more difficult sliders, there are a number of things which can help you eliminate INTs.
1. Know your hot reads. So many of my INTs come when I am rushed and I try throwing downfield. Rather than throwing downfield with a pass rusher in your face, throw to a check down and get rid of the ball quickly to a back or TE. You should have a plan in place for this on each passing down, unless you have to go downfield.
2. Learn how to position your throws. This is incredibly difficult, and I'm still rather poor at it, but let's say you have a TE running a corner on a safety. If you throw the corner that is generally intercepted by super human CPU safeties. Instead throw the ball to the outside and you can break towards the ball.
3. Expect super human LB play. Slants against a zone will kill you. I learned this the hard way with the Bills. If you're going to run slants always have a bigger fellow running downfield. If the CPU wants to run a zone, then they can deal with a 6'5" TE barrelling downfield on of of their safeties. It helps to throw this pass as to the outside of the field. You can break on the ball and avoid 2 safeties in the area.
4. Get out of the pocket. Sometimes you can get out of the pocket, and roll right and you'll have a day and a half to throw the ball. This is generally a great strategy to get the ball downfield if conventional passing isn't working well.
As far as preventing the CPU QBs from passing for tons of yardage? You need talent to do this. Scheming doesn't really work well on Madden. You can blitz/not blitz do whatever you want, but if you don't have the talent you won't get anywhere defensively.