Joule rating. This is the most widely promoted surge protection specification. It is also the most misunderstood and misrepresented specification. Joules are representative of how much energy (how large a surge) the UPS can absorb without being destroyed by a power surge. The higher the rating, the less often you will have to replace your UPS.
UPSes with higher joule ratings are also more likely to prevent a huge power spike from reaching your computer. The internal UPS component that intercepts power surges and sends them to ground is an MOV (metal-oxide varistor). Units with higher joule ratings usually have more MOVs than units with lower joule ratings. The more MOVs, the less likely a power surge is to jump across the UPS to reach your computer.
Unfortunately, some companies use a variety of techniques to inflate the joule ratings of their equipment. For example, some less reputable companies use MOVs designed for 220-volt circuits. This increases the joule rating in a totally meaningless way because the MOVs do not respond until the power surge has already damaged your equipment.
When you buy a diamond, the best way to avoid phony jewels is to buy from a reputable dealer. When you buy a surge protector, the best way to avoid phony joules is to buy from a reputable manufacturer such as APC, Belkin, or Tripp Lite.
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