One big reason to not split your routine is that there has been a link found between amount of "work" (calculated as joules) a person does, and the amount of anabolic response the body has after a workout.
Basically the more "work" you do, the higher the anabolic response leading to more muscle protein synthesis. Researchers have found a work threshold that needs to be met to get the maximum amount of anabolic response. So to get that response, you have to cross that threshold. To reach that threshold, you have to do more "work" during your lifting.
When you split your routine, you will not be doing as much "work". This is due to the fact that with each subsequent set you do of an exercise, your muscle fatigues, and you will not do as much work as the previous set. So with each set, your work is dropping lower and lower.
So say your hitting your triceps. You're going to get as much work as you can do on your first set because they are fresh. But, every set after that, your rep count and total work will go down.
So if you're only hitting a couple body parts on a particular day, constantly hitting the same muscle over and over will limit how much work you can do.
Now look at it the other way. A full body workout. You get to hit a lot of muscles, and get the most out of them because you are not taxing them. And your're hitting large muscle groups, as well as small muscle groups.
Plus, exercises that involve more muscle groups will allow you to get a lot of work done in a single session. Exercises such as the Squat, Leg Press, Dead Lifts, Bench Press, etc....they all move a lot of weight over a great distance which increases the total amount of work your doing. So I've always felt that people really limit themselves especially when they don't do legs on a particular day because you can get so much work done just using your legs.
And when your just hitting say biceps, you're not doing much work to begin with. This is due to the fact that smaller muscles are not going to move as much weight (duh right?, lol). Not only that but, generally you're not moving the weight over a great distance. Force and distance are what determines how much work you are doing.
Compare it to something like a squat, and it becomes clear. You can lift say 250 and you move the weight, say, 2 feet. Thats going to give you a lot more work than a bicep curl where you could be lifting say 50 lbs and only moving it a distance of about a foot. If you did 10 reps on that squat, you just did 3,400 Kj of work in that one set. Where as if you did 10 reps on that bicep curl, you only did about 680 Kj of work in that one set. (That is if I did my math right. lol). So as you can see, how much more of an effect the squat has opposed to just a small muscle like your biceps.
But anyways, I hope that helps, made sense, and answers your question. Lol.
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