Complicated answer... but the answer is yes you can with a little bit of work.
You can do it the hard way of going through a rival's roster, and seeing what positions are graduating and who will fall under the position thresholds, like 3 QBs, 2 Centers, 2 FB's etc.
You can cheat, and make a coach and visit their recruiting board... but obviously that only works in offline dynasties.
Even knowing the positions, won't help you though. Say a CPU team needs a QB, and they have 3 on their recruiting board and have been recruiting all 3... they put their max points into the QB that has earned the most points throughout the season.
The problem is that you don't know that number! You can somewhat guess, but you won't know if for sure. They will choose the top point QB and invest everything in him, leaving the other 2 with no points in the offseason.
It's bad logic/coding by EA. Not sure if they will fix it, but that's just the reality of how the CPU is spending their points.