I see your point with the passing coming around a screen in a way, but i don't entirely agree.
The rating system and the badges for me are in place to try and most accurately reflect a player's skills. If that player is very good in P&R situations (and usually racks up a lot of assists that way in real life) and wouldn't be as dominant in another offensive system involving little P&R action, we all want to see this player do not as good and not get as many assists in the game in this other system, because it would be the case in real life. The system has to fit the skills of the players. So from that point of view i really like the idea of badges in general if it helps reflect the skill set better than ratings alone.
Of course we can talk about if another rating system without badges could do the same or if the badges thing is overdone with some players, but personally i like the idea in general. You are right, it's the same player, the passing skill is what it is for that player, but if that player excells in P&R situations it should be reflected in the game somehow. Maybe there could be a seperate rating like "Passing in P&R/P&P situations" that would do the same as long as it's in the game somehow.
I agree with what has been said about maybe the badge-system not beeing woven into all aspects of the game. For ex. it is possible that the CPU would value a OVR 70 rated player with 3 badges the same as an OVR 70 rated player with 20 badges in a trade scenario. I don't know if this is the case but it wouldn't surprise me. If so this would have to be cleaned up of course.
But again, this doesn't take away from the general idea of having badges on top of the rating system.